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PDOC00271
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1995-07-26
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* Ubiquitin family signature *
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Ubiquitin [1,2,3] is a protein of seventy six amino acid residues, found in
all eukaryotic cells and whose sequence is extremely well conserved from
protozoan to vertebrates. It plays a key role in a variety of cellular
processes, such as ATP-dependent selective degradation of cellular proteins,
maintenance of chromatin structure, regulation of gene expression, stress
response and ribosome biogenesis.
In most species, there are many genes coding for ubiquitin. However they can
be classified into two classes. The first class produces polyubiquitin
molecules consisting of exact head to tail repeats of ubiquitin. The number of
repeats is variable (up to twelve in a Xenopus gene). In the majority of
polyubiquitin precursors, there is a final amino-acid after the last repeat.
The second class of genes produces precursor proteins consisting of a single
copy of ubiquitin fused to a C-terminal extension protein (CEP). There are two
types of CEP proteins and both seem to be ribosomal proteins.
Ubiquitin is a globular protein, the last four C-terminal residues (Leu-Arg-
Gly-Gly) extending from the compact structure to form a 'tail', important for
its function. The latter is mediated by the covalent conjugation of ubiquitin
to target proteins, by an isopeptide linkage between the C-terminal glycine
and the epsilon amino group of lysine residues in the target proteins.
There are a number of proteins which are evolutionary related to ubiquitin:
- Ubiquitin-like proteins from baculoviruses as well as in some strains of
bovine viral diarrhea viruses (BVDV). These proteins are highly similar to
their eukaryotic counterparts.
- Mammalian protein GDX [4]. GDX is composed of two domains, a N-terminal
ubiquitin-like domain of 74 residues and a C-terminal domain of 83 residues
with some similarity with the thyroglobulin hormonogenic site.
- Mammalian protein FAU [5]. FAU is a fusion protein which consist of a
N-terminal ubiquitin-like protein of 74 residues fused to ribosomal protein
S30.
- Mouse protein NEDD-8 [6]. The complete sequence of NEDD-8 is not yet known;
but it contains a ubiquitin-like domain that ends 30 residues before the
C-terminal extremity of the protein.
To identify ubiquitin and related proteins we have developed a pattern based
on conserved positions in the central section of the sequence.
-Consensus pattern: K-x(2)-[LIVM]-x-[DES]-x(3)-[LIVM]-[PA]-x(3)-Q-x-[LIVM](2)-
[LIVMFY]-x-G-x(4)-[DE]-x(4)-[SAG]
-Sequences known to belong to this class detected by the pattern: ALL.
-Other sequence(s) detected in SWISS-PROT: NONE.
-Last update: June 1994 / Pattern and text revised.
[ 1] Jentsch S., Seufert W., Hauser H.-P.
Biochim. Biophys. Acta 1089:127-139(1991).
[ 2] Monia B.P., Ecker D.J., Croke S.T.
Bio/Technology 8:209-215(1990).
[ 3] Finley D., Varshavsky A.
Trends Biochem. Sci. 10:343-347(1985).
[ 4] Filippi M., Tribioli C., Toniolo D.
Genomics 7:453-457(1990).
[ 5] Olvera J., Wool I.G.
J. Biol. Chem. 268:17967-17974(1993).
[ 6] Kumar S., Tomooka Y., Noda M.
Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 185:1155-1161(1992).